ANDY WEIR — CANON BIOLOGY DOCUMENT — REDDIT 2022
ERIDIAN BIOLOGY
COMPLETE FIELD GUIDE
Everything you need to know about Rocky's species. All data is canon — sourced directly from Andy Weir's official Eridian biology document, published on Reddit in 2022. Every measurement, temperature, chemical compound, and biological mechanism documented here was calculated by Weir himself. This is what Rocky actually is.
SOURCE: WEIR, ANDY — "ERIDIAN BIOLOGY (FROM PROJECT HAIL MARY) — CANON" — REDDIT 2022
Contents
01Overview & EnvironmentErid, 40 Eridani 02Full Anatomy — Plan & Elevation ViewsPentagonal plan · front elevation 03The Limb — Ball Joint, Hinge, Trifurcated ClawPentadextrous locomotion 04Circulatory System — ACS & HCSDual mercury bloodstreams 05Muscular System — Water State-ChangeSteam-powered muscles 06The Cap — Heat Rejection System5 in-vents, 5 out-vents, capillary lattice 07The Colony — Brain & Worker CellsCrystalline light-brain, Babbitt alloy shell 08Sensory Systems — Hearing & MagnetoreceptionPiezoelectric 3D sonar 09Communication — Five Vocal SystemsChordal speech, 6× information density 10Eating, Digestion & DormancyOnce per week, ventral mouth 11Temperature & Radiation Tolerances31-minute death clock 12Culture, Mathematics & TimekeepingBase-6, tactile writing, 5.1-hour day 13Complete Vital StatisticsAll numbers in one place
01 OVERVIEW & ENVIRONMENT

Eridians originate from the planet Erid, orbiting the star 40 Eridani (18.7 light-years from Earth). Their world is hot, dense, dark, and crushing — conditions that shaped every aspect of their biology. Life there runs on ammonia, heat, and pressure that would kill a human instantly.

CANON FIG. 1.1 — ERID — PLANETARY PROFILE & COMPARISON TO EARTH
THICK AMMONIA ATMOSPHERE ERID 40 ERIDANI PITCH DARK AT SURFACE EARTH FOR SCALE Ø ~12,742 km ERID VS EARTH — COMPARISON PROPERTY ERID EARTH Atmosphere Ammonia (NH₃) Nitrogen/O₂ Surface Temp 210°C ~15°C avg Pressure 28 atm 1 atm Gravity 2.09g 1.0g Magnetic Field 25× Earth's baseline Day Length 5.1 hrs 24 hrs Sound Speed 555 m/s 343 m/s Surface Light Perpetual dark Day/night cycle Life origin Panspermia — Tau Ceti Same panspermia! Erid and Earth share a common biological ancestor via panspermia from Tau Ceti 18.7 LIGHT YEARS
02 FULL ANATOMY — PLAN & ELEVATION

Two complementary anatomy diagrams: the top-down plan view, showing five limbs in perfect pentagonal symmetry and the heat-rejection cap with all five in-vents and out-vents; and the front elevation, showing Rocky as a visitor would see him face-on, with full internal systems labelled and height dimensions marked. Together they define the complete three-dimensional form of an Eridian.

CANON ANATOMY FIG. 2.1 — ERIDIAN TOP-DOWN OVERVIEW — ALL MAJOR SYSTEMS LABELLED
SONAR PERCEPTION FIELD COLONY + BRAIN SHIRT LIMB (× 5 IDENTICAL) 45cm fully extended BALL-AND-SOCKET JOINT at thorax connection HINGE JOINT (elbow) halfway along limb TRIFURCATED CLAW closed = weapon point open = flat foot PENTAGONAL THORAX 60cm across · 20cm tall hematite + silicate carapace HEAT REJECTION CAP 5 in-vents (perimeter) 5 out-vents (top) 286W continuous output IN-VENTS (5) cool air enters here around cap perimeter OUT-VENTS (5) heated air exits upward THE COLONY brain + worker cells Babbitt alloy shell <1 kg of organic matter AURICLES hundreds of thousands each tuned to one frequency piezoelectric → 3D sonar SHIRT greenish-brown holes top & bottom 5 HEARTS ♥×5 one per limb joint pumps 85 kg of mercury 167 KG AVERAGE MASS · 63 LITRES TOTAL VOLUME · <1 KG ORGANIC MATTER · 85.6 KG LIQUID MERCURY BLOOD HEART LOCATION SHIRT EXTENT AURICLE COVERAGE HEAT VENTS (HOT) COLONY
CANON ANATOMY FIG. 2.2 — ERIDIAN ELEVATION VIEW (FRONT-ON) — ALL MAJOR SYSTEMS LABELLED
COLONY crystal brain 50 CM STANDING HEIGHT IN-VENT (5 perimeter) cool NH₃ enters HEAT REJECTION CAP 286W continuous output capillary lattice · diaphragm OUT-VENTS (5 upward) heated air exits upward CARAPACE 18" wide · hematite + silicates HCS VESSEL (305°C) hot blood · powers muscles COLONY crystal brain · Babbitt alloy shell <1 kg organic matter AURICLES (100K+) piezoelectric → 3D sonar SHIRT to elbows · holes top & bottom HEART ×5 one per limb joint pumps 85.6 kg mercury HINGE JOINT (elbow) literal metal hinge TRIFURCATED CLAW 3 prongs · no thumbs closed = weapon · open = foot IN-VENT cool NH₃ enters BREATHING SLITS (5) heat exchange · not gas ACS VESSEL (210°C) cool blood · worker cells AURICLES 100K+ · each one frequency SHIRT greenish-brown · ventral hole BALL-AND-SOCKET JOINT omnidirectional rotation HINGE JOINT (elbow) TRIFURCATED CLAW 3 prongs · no thumbs VENTRAL MOUTH faces down · heals shut opens weekly for eating 167 KG · 63 L · 85.6 KG MERCURY · <1 KG ORGANIC · 286W · 5 HEARTS · 5 LIMBS · 50CM STANDING ELEVATION VIEW — FRONT-ON SOURCE: WEIR, ANDY — ERIDIAN BIOLOGY (CANON) — REDDIT 2022
03 THE LIMB — PENTADEXTROUS LOCOMOTION

All five limbs are identical and interchangeable. Any limb can serve as an arm or a leg at any time. When walking on all five, an Eridian is virtually impossible to knock over on uneven terrain. When using three as legs, they move fast. At rest: three down, two up as hands. Eridians have no concept of "facing" a direction.

ANATOMY FIG. 3.1 — SINGLE LIMB EXTENDED — SIDE PROFILE
BALL-AND-SOCKET omnidirectional rotation SKELETAL MUSCLE water-vesicle steam engine HINGE JOINT (elbow) literal metal hinge HCS VESSEL (305°C) ACS VESSEL (210°C) TRIFURCATED CLAW 3 prongs — NO thumb closed = weapon point 45 CM TOTAL
ANATOMY FIG. 3.2 — CLAW MODES & LIMB CONFIGURATIONS
CLOSED — WEAPON POINT OPEN — FLAT FOOT THREE PRONGS COPLANAR = STABLE FOOT LOCOMOTION MODES 5 LIMBS DOWN sure-footed uneven terrain 3 DOWN · 2 UP fastest gait 2 limbs as hands AT REST typical posture tool use with 2 — — — — — PENTADEXTROUS: any limb = any purpose — — — — —
04 DUAL CIRCULATORY SYSTEM — TWO MERCURY BLOODSTREAMS

Eridians have two completely separate, unconnected bloodstreams — both running liquid mercury. The cold ACS (Ambient Circulatory System) carries worker cells throughout the body at ~210°C. The hot HCS (Hot Circulatory System) runs at 305°C and powers every muscle. Worker cells cannot survive in the HCS. Five hearts — one per limb joint — pump 85.6 kg of mercury against 2.09g gravity.

SYSTEM CANON FIG. 4.1 — DUAL CIRCULATORY SYSTEM — ACS vs HCS — CROSS-SECTION VIEW
COLONY Babbitt alloy shell ACS vs HCS — COMPARISON PROPERTY ACS HCS Full name Ambient Circ. System Hot Circ. System Temperature ~210°C (ambient) ~305°C Worker cells YES — carries them NO — too hot (die) Vessel material Sodium silicate Silicate + (Na,Ca)Co₂O₄ Function Transport + cooling Muscle power + sterilise food Muscle role Cools vesicles → relax Heats vesicles → contract Valve control Piezoelectric micromuscles Same During dormancy Stops flowing Cools to 210°C (ACS temp) BLOOD COMPOSITION — BOTH SYSTEMS Base fluid Liquid mercury (Hg) Dissolved metals Zn, K, Na, Al, Sn, Tl, Cu, In, trace Ag & Au Mercury mass 85.6 kg total Blood % of body vol. 10% Stop-flow time ~1 second (very dense) Hearts 5 × — one at each limb joint Why mercury? Liquid at 210°C · dissolves metals · conducts Radiation issue Mercury becomes radioactive — bad in space Electrical role Mercury conducts — 5 hearts generate voltage ACS HCS
05 MUSCULAR SYSTEM — STEAM-POWERED

Every muscle movement is powered by water boiling into steam. HCS vessels deliver heat to tens of thousands of tiny water-filled vesicles in each muscle. The water (boiling point 230.2°C at 28atm) flashes to steam, expands the vesicle, and the piston fires. ACS vessels cool it back to liquid. Each Eridian is, mechanically, a collection of millions of tiny steam engines.

SYSTEM FIG. 5.1 — SKELETAL MUSCLE CROSS-SECTION — WATER STATE-CHANGE MECHANISM
RELAXED — ACS FLOWING — COOL H₂O liquid 210°C ACS HCS off → HCS ON → ACS OFF heat to 230°C+ CONTRACTED — HCS FLOWING — HOT H₂O steam 230.2°C bp @ 28atm HCS ACS off MUSCLE CYCLE SUMMARY: CONTRACT: Brain signal via fiber-optic nerve → HCS constricts ACS, opens HCS to vesicles → Water heats from 210°C to 230.2°C (boiling point) → Water state-changes to steam → vesicle expands → PISTON FIRES. Muscle contracts. RELAX: HCS off, ACS flows → steam cools → liquid again → vesicle shrinks WHY WATER? 1. HCS is already above water's bp at 28 atm (230.2°C) 2. HCS used for food sterilisation — dual purpose 3. Water = best heat battery (high specific heat) 4. Acts as temperature buffer for metabolism Note: inefficient vs electrical — but energy is abundant on Erid
06 THE CAP — HEAT REJECTION SYSTEM

The pentagonal outcropping on top of the carapace is the most critical survival system. It must radiate 286 watts continuously. Five in-vents draw cool ammonia air in through the perimeter. A diaphragm below a sponge-like capillary lattice pulls the air across the hot capillaries, then pushes heated air out through five top-facing out-vents. If this fails, Rocky has 31 minutes before death.

CANON FIG. 6.1 — HEAT REJECTION CAP — CROSS-SECTION WITH AIRFLOW
CAPILLARY LATTICE DIAPHRAGM IN IN OUT-VENTS ↑ HOT AIR EXITS cool NH₃ ~210°C in heated NH₃ >210°C out HEAT STRESS TIMELINE — IF BREATHING STOPS 210°C 214°C 216°C 223°C 228°C T+0 min — normal ACS temperature T+~3 min — worker cells RETREAT to colony Sluggish, aching all over — cells not doing jobs T+~5 min — ALL worker cells sealed in colony Endothermic reservoir activated (Babbitt alloy) T+11 min — colony insulation starts MELTING State-change absorbs heat — buys 15 more minutes Babbitt: 90.7% Sn, 4.5% Sb, 4.5% Cu, 0.3% Pb T+31 min — colony reaches 223°C — WORKER CELLS DIE No recovery possible. The Eridian is dead. This is exactly what happened to Rocky in Chapter 19-20 — he broke quarantine to save Ryland
07 THE COLONY — CRYSTALLINE BRAIN & WORKER CELLS

Here is the single strangest fact about Eridian biology: the brain is made of crystal, and its signals are pulses of light — not electricity. Fiber-optic crystal tendrils carry nerve impulses throughout the body. The brain and its worker cells live together in a central chamber called "the Colony" — sealed in Babbitt alloy, like a beehive that runs the ship. Less than 1 kg of organic matter controls 167 kg of metal body.

SYSTEM FIG. 7.1 — THE COLONY — INTERNAL LAYOUT
BABBITT ALLOY SHELL 90.7%Sn · 4.5%Sb · 4.5%Cu · 0.3%Pb melts at 223°C — last thermal defense CRYSTAL BRAIN light-based signals fiber-optic nerve tendril → body VALVE VALVE WORKER CELL DISTRIBUTION: 8% — in bloodstream, servicing body 20% — brain workers (crystal maintenance) 72% — colony ecology (self-sustaining biosphere) Total organic mass: <1 kg in a 167 kg body
SYSTEM FIG. 7.2 — CRYSTALLINE BRAIN vs HUMAN BRAIN — INTELLIGENCE COMPARISON
ERIDIAN crystal · light HUMAN biological · electrical CAPABILITY COMPARISON CAPABILITY ERIDIAN HUMAN Multitasking FAR BETTER limited Rote memorisation FAR BETTER limited Arithmetic speed BETTER (memorised) slower Spatial memory POOR MUCH BETTER Sustained focus POOR (boring/fatiguing) BETTER Hand precision adequate MUCH BETTER Juggling/throwing CANNOT DO can do Omnidirectional awareness COMPLETE 360° ~200° field Math/materials science MORE ADVANCED behind Computer science BEHIND more advanced Concept of relativity NO CONCEPT known
08 SENSORY SYSTEMS — SONAR & MAGNETORECEPTION

Eridians have no eyes. They perceive their world entirely through sound and magnetic fields. The carapace is studded with hundreds of thousands of auricles — each tuned to a precise frequency — converting soundwaves to piezoelectric flashes that feed directly into the fiber-optic brain. From the resulting data, the Eridian constructs a complete real-time 3D model of its environment — better than human sight.

SYSTEM FIG. 8.1 — SONAR PERCEPTION MECHANISM & MAGNETORECEPTION
TAP GROUND when quiet object AURICLE (×100,000+) sound → piezoelectric flash → light pulse → brain SIGNAL CHAIN 1. Ambient sound 2. Hits auricle 3. Piezo flash 4. Light pulse 5. Crystal brain 6. 3D world model MAGNETORECEPTION N Erid magnetic field: 25× EARTH'S Evolved for: Directional awareness Not discriminatory — just N/S/E/W compass Ships maintain light magnetic field for comfort in space (not health-critical) On Erid: intrinsic N awareness. In Blip-A: simulated field. On Hail Mary: disorienting.
09 COMMUNICATION — FIVE VOCAL SYSTEMS, CHORDAL SPEECH

Five gas bladder sets inside the body. Five apertures. Five simultaneous voices. Eridians speak in chords — not just pitches. They have perfect pitch (C-sharp and C-flat are as distinct to them as red and yellow are to us). Their language carries 6× more information per second than any human language. Rocky's speech sounds like whale song.

SYSTEM FIG. 9.1 — ERIDIAN VOCAL SYSTEM — 5 BLADDERS, CHORDAL OUTPUT
apertures 5 SIMULTANEOUS FREQUENCIES = 1 CHORD = 1 SYLLABLE information density 6× human speech ERIDIAN LANGUAGE — KEY FACTS Vocal systems 5 gas bladder sets — all simultaneous Speech type Chords — multiple pitches at once Pitch ability Perfect pitch — C# ≠ Cb as clearly as red ≠ yellow Info density 6× more than human speech Languages Many — as diverse as human languages Sound to humans Whale-song-like musical tones Writing (no sight) Raised texture — ~1mm off page surface Printed books Holes in page (compact, tactile) Computers Texture monitor — pixels rise/fall + absorb sound Base counting Base-6 (two hands × 3 fingers = 6 digits)
10 EATING, DIGESTION & DORMANCY

Eridians eat once per week. They don't chew — their hands are their teeth. The mouth is on the bottom (ventral), heals shut between meals, and reopens by cracking along a pre-weakened spot in the carapace. Food is sterilised at HCS temperature (305°C) for days, then worker cells extract nutrients. Each meal is 32 human meals worth of energy, lasting ~86 hours. After eating, they sleep it off.

CANONFIG. 10.1 — EATING CYCLE
FEEDING SEQUENCE (weekly cycle) 1. Hands butcher & grind food (external digestion) pleasurable sensation — like chewing for humans 2. Ventral carapace CRACKS open (pre-weakened spot) ejects waste from previous cycle 3. Food placed inside, orifice sealed by worker cells heals over with carapace mineral within hours 4. Sterilisation: food at HCS temp (305°C) for DAYS kills all pathogens — most of them, anyway 5. Worker cells extract all needed elements no intestinal tract — just cell-level harvesting 6. DORMANCY — food coma follows meal HCS cools → worker cells service HCS → repaired
CANONFIG. 10.2 — ENERGY BUDGET
ERIDIAN vs HUMAN — ENERGY Daily power output 286 W (human: 96 W) Daily calories 5,913 cal (human: 2,000) Meal frequency ~weekly Per meal energy 8.84×10⁷ J = 32× human meal Meal lasts ~86 hours = ~4 Earth days = ~17 Eridian days Sick? Should they rest? NO — EXERCISE. Move blood faster. (opposite to humans — worker cells need flow)
CANONFIG. 10.3 — DORMANCY
DORMANCY — DEEPER THAN SLEEP Consciousness during dormancy: NONE — like general anaesthetic No experience of time passing. Hearts during dormancy: STOP. Blood flow stops. HCS temperature: COOLS to 210°C (= ACS temp) This allows worker cells into HCS to repair it. Worker cell activity: Main force retreats to colony. HCS specialist cells service bloodstream. Brain-only workers remain active. Social evolution reason: Helpless when dormant → evolved to sleep in shifts, guard each other
11 BIOLOGICAL TOLERANCES & RADIATION VULNERABILITY

Eridians evolved in an environment with almost no radiation — their planet's enormous magnetic field and thick atmosphere filtered everything out. As a result, they have zero evolved radiation resistance. Their mercury blood makes it worse: it becomes radioactive itself. Rocky's crew died of cosmic ray exposure on the way to Tau Ceti. Rocky survived only because his engine compartment was shielded.

CANON FIG. 11.1 — COMPLETE BIOLOGICAL TOLERANCES TABLE
TEMPERATURE TOLERANCES Comfortable 210°C ambient temp of Erid Worker cells retreat 214°C sluggish, aching All cells sealed in colony 216°C endothermic reservoir activates Colony insulation melts 223°C ~26 min in (11+15 elapsed) Colony at fatal temp 228°C+ 31 min — WORKER CELLS DIE — DEAD Instant death 280°C almost instantly fatal Water boiling point 230.2°C at 28 atm — muscle activation threshold PRESSURE TOLERANCES Normal / comfortable 28 atm evolved pressure Fatal low pressure below 19 atm water in worker cells boils — fatal High pressure tolerance hundreds of atm if atmosphere is ammonia RADIATION — ACHILLES HEEL Why no radiation resistance? Erid's 25× magnetic field + thick atmosphere blocked essentially ALL radiation at surface. No evolutionary pressure to develop resistance. What humans have (Eridians lack): - DNA redundancy - Transcription error repair mechanisms - Apoptosis (cell suicide if damaged) - Telomeres (cancer suppression) - Water-rich tissue (radiation shielding) Mercury blood problem: Mercury itself becomes radioactive when exposed. Makes internal radiation WORSE, not better.
12 CULTURE, MATHEMATICS & TIMEKEEPING

Their mathematics is base-6 — two hands, three fingers each. They are ahead of humans in math and materials science, behind in computing, and have no concept of relativity whatsoever. Their "day" is 5.1 Earth hours. Writing is textured and tactile. Their walls are hyper-soundproofed (they can hear through walls). And they evolved communal sleeping-watch out of necessity.

CANONFIG. 12.1 — ERIDIAN TIMEKEEPING
1 day = 5.1 Earth hours divided into 10,000 base-6 units (= 7,776 base-10 units, each 2.37 Earth seconds) KEY TIME FACTS Eridian day 5.1 hrs = 18,397 Earth sec Counting base BASE-6 (metric timekeeping) Dormancy period 2-3 Eridian days (~15 hrs) "Midnight" (day divider) Coldest part of day (0000) They sleep at cold end of day — cold air makes heat rejection faster. Evolved. Digits (base-6) I V λ + V (0) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
CANONFIG. 12.2 — TECHNOLOGY COMPARISON & WRITING SYSTEM
TECHNOLOGY LEVEL AHEAD of humans: ▸ Mathematics (especially applied) ▸ Materials science (xenonite!) ▸ Acoustic engineering BEHIND humans: ▸ Computer science ▸ Relativity (no concept whatsoever) ▸ Nuclear physics WRITING SYSTEM (tactile) Handwriting: "Pen" lays thick substance ~1mm off surface Printed books: Holes in page (compact, crisp — less space) Computers: Texture monitor — pixels rise/fall, change absorption
13 COMPLETE VITAL STATISTICS — ALL NUMBERS

Every quantified fact from Andy Weir's canon biology document, in one place. All measurements were calculated by Weir from first principles — atmospheric physics, thermodynamics, materials science. This is real engineering applied to a fictional species.

60 cmThorax diameterpentagonal, vertex to edge
20 cmThorax heightcarapace thickness
45 cmLimb lengthfully extended
50 cmNormal standing heightground to top of carapace
1.3 mMax reach height3 limbs down, 2 reaching up
63 LTotal body volume0.063 m³
167 kgAverage body mass349 kg effective on Erid (2.09g)
85.6 kgMercury blood mass10% of body volume
<1 kgTotal organic matterworker cells only
5Heartsone at each limb joint
210°CACS temperatureambient — "cold" blood
305°CHCS temperature"hot" blood — powers muscles
230.2°CWater boiling pointat 28 atm — muscle threshold
223°CFatal ACS temp~31 min to reach without cooling
286 WContinuous heat outputvs human 96 W
5,913Daily caloriesvs human ~2,000
~weeklyMeal frequency32× human meal per sitting
86 hrsPer meal duration~4 Earth days / ~17 Erid days
28 atmHome pressurefatal below 19 atm
25×Magnetic field vs Earthsource of magnetoreception
555 m/sSound speed on Eridvs 343 m/s on Earth
5.1 hrsEridian day length18,397 Earth seconds
Base-6Mathematics base2 hands × 3 fingers
Speech info densityvs human language
5Vocal systemsgas bladder sets — chordal speech
100K+Auricles on carapaceeach tuned to a specific freq
5Typical litter sizehermaphrodites — egg layers
1,000sWorker cell typeseach with unique genetics